C++ (pronounced 'see-plus-plus') is an object oriented, general purpose programming language that was created in 1983 by Bjarne Stroustrup. It's used mainly for desktop software and game development, and is an extremely useful programming language to know.
So to start C++ programming, you'll need some way to write your C++ code, and then also a compiler which turns that code into something that your computer can directly read (often called 'machine language'). If you're using the Mac OS X operating system or a Linux distribution, I'd recommend using any text editor of your choice to write your code (I particularly like Sublime Text 2), and then using the 'g++' compiler to compile your code via the Terminal. For (Mac) OS X, g++ can be very easily installed as it comes bundled along with XCode.
- The best way to learn C programming is by practicing examples. The page contains examples on basic concepts of C programming. You are advised to take the references from these examples.
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- Sep 08, 2018 Copy the code below; Paste into your desired environment (dev c, visual studio) compile and run Source Code Snake Game Using C: #include #include void run; void printMap; void initMap; void move(int dx, int dy); void update; void changeDirection(char key); void clearScreen; void generateFood; char getMapValue(int value).
Another popular choice for C++ coding and compilation is using an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) in which you can write and compile your code. For OS X you might want to use XCode if you're feeling worried about the g++ route (g++ can be a little complicated), and if you're using Windows, popular IDEs include Code::Blocks, which I personally recommend however does require some setup at the start (you may need to do some research), and Visual C++ Express, which is much easier to set up, however will require some sort of application pausing before the end of the 'main' function in most cases as it generates a window which will disappear after execution. If you decide to go with Visual C++ Express, just keep this in mind -- you may wish to put the
system('PAUSE');
or _getch();
lines before the end of your 'main' function (the latter of which requires you to #include <conio.h>
) -- if you don't understand what this means, you will soon enough.So by this point, you should have your development environment properly set up (even if you don't entirely know how to use it yet). If you're using an IDE, create a new C++ project, often called a 'console project', and remove any code/text which is generated for you, and if you're using a separate text editor and compiler, just create a new file with the '.cpp' extension (the file extension for C++ source files) - I'm going to name mine 'project.cpp'.
To start off with, we're just going to add what's called a 'comment' to the top of our file which says that we've written the program. Comments are simply notes that you write (to either yourself, your team, or whoever else might see the code) that the C++ compiler completely ignores, and so these don't affect how your application actually runs. We can do single-line comments in C++ by using a double slash (
//
) and multi-line comments using /*
to start the comment, and */
to end the comment. Take, for example, the following:Summary of basic C-commands Compiling To compile a C-program, you can use either gor c. G -oexecutable filename.out sourcefilename.cc. Comments Essential for the writing of clear programs are comments, which are explana-tions for your.
After a comment on your top line (which isn't entirely necessary), we need to 'include' a few things before we begin writing our main application logic. When we 'include' things in C++, we're simply taking pieces of pre-written code from a file - as such, includes are usually done at the start of a section of code so that the functionality can be used in the rest of the code. In this case we want to include the 'iostream' file (which stands for input output stream) so we can output and take in basic text data. These includes always start with a hash symbol (
#
), and then use the include
keyword followed by the name of the file we wish to include (which we specify, in this case, in angle brackets):As alluded to earlier, the stuff inside 'iostream' is for inputting and outputting text. The two most well-known things in here are called
cout
and cin
(pronounced 'see-out' and 'see-in'), which are for outputting data and getting data from the user. These both, however, require the 'std' namespace - I'm not going to go into great detail about namespaces right now, but essentially just think about different namespaces as different drawers. A lot of the core C++ standard stuff is in the 'std' drawer and we can specify this by either writing std::
before every time we write cout
, cin
, and other things which require it, or for our simple purposes here, we can just use the namespace throughout out whole document. This is done by writing the using
keyword, followed by the namespace
keyword, followed by the namespace name, in this case, std
:Notice that I also finished the line by using a semicolon (
;
) - lines are often finished with a semicolon in C++ to show that the instruction or the line has finished. In this case, we're telling the compiler that we're done specifying the namespace by writing the semicolon.With the top part of our document setup, we can actually begin writing our program's point of entry. All basic C++ programs start at what is called the 'main' function. A function is just a piece of code with a name, and that name, in this case, is 'main'. Functions also have a type, generally speaking the 'main' function should have the integer (whole number) type, and this is shown by writing the
int
keyword before the function name. This function type means that inside the function we must have a line which returns an integer value - don't worry too much about what this means right now, but if we return '0' from main, it generally means that we did everything without any errors. After we've written the function's name, we have to specify some brackets (which some people populate with some things, but we're going to leave them empty), and then some curly brackets which will actually contain our main application code. For now, I'm just going to put a comment in there. Our code so far should look as follows:Notice that I put a tab-space before the comment - this is because the comment is inside the 'main' function and I wanted to visually show this. Indented code isn't necessary for your code to compile and run correctly, however it makes finding errors a hell of a lot easier, and if you don't do it, nobody will like you (or want to work with you!).
While we're talking about the 'main' function itself, let's put in that 'return' line we talked about earlier so that our main function abides to its type. This is done by simply writing the
return
keyword followed by the value which you want to return, followed by a semicolon - so in this case, return 0;
. This will actually stop our 'main' function's execution though, so we want it to be the very last line of the function:From here, we're going to complete our basic program by simply getting it to output 'Hello World!' (or text of your choice) to the screen. As alluded to earlier, this is done by using
cout
(which, remember, is in the std
namespace). We can output a combination of different letters, numbers, and symbols, known as a string, by writing the cout
keyword, followed by insertion operators, <<
, followed by our string which is represented by wrapping in double quotes. We also need a semicolon to end the line.The way
cout
works, is essentially that you can just put insertion operators after each piece of data you want to output to output some more. Numbers don't have to be surrounded in double quotes to be processed in the correct way be the compiler, so if we wanted to output a number after our 'Hello World!' piece of text, we could either put it inside our string, which would encapsulate the data, or we could put it after another set of insertion operators (and move the semicolon to the 'new' end of the line):You should try to get used to this functionality. Without looking at the snippet below which reveals the answer, try to create a basic
cout
which would output a sentence with a number in the middle.![Dev c basic codes free Dev c basic codes free](/uploads/1/2/6/1/126179664/390166031.jpg)
We can add newlines to this output by either writing a backslash followed by the letter 'n' in a string (remember that strings are encapsulated by double quotes), or by using the
endl
keyword after some insertion operators. So our final piece of code which we're going to compile and run (which I've commented a bit to make it easier to understand), is as follows:To compile and run the code in an IDE, you can usually just hit a conveniently placed 'Run' or 'Debug' button (Key shortcuts of F8 in Code::Blocks, F5 in Visual C++ Express, and ⌘+R in XCode), however the process of compiling and running is slightly more confusing when you have a separate text editor and compiler. If this is the case, save the file with the code we've written (and with the '.cpp' file extension, so call it something like 'project.cpp'), and then open up a Terminal window (if you don't know how to do this in your OS, Google it). You can then navigate to wherever your project file (i.e. 'project.cpp') is stored using the 'cd' command (again, you'll have to Google if you don't know how to do this), and then run some compilation and running commands which are compiler and OS-specific. If you're using g++, you can run
g++ -o project project.cpp
to compile the code in 'project.cpp' to a file named 'project', and then on OS X and Linux you can run ./project
to run the generated 'project' file (and hence the program) itself.In future tutorials I will expect you to know how to compile and run code in your own development environment, so it'd probably be a good idea for you to create a few C++ projects and compile/run them to get used to your development environment. As a little challenge to tie off the information in this tutorial (which will, of course, be built upon in future tutorials), try writing another
cout
line after the one we've already written that outputs something else.Most common quiestion is:
Is there any C++ GUI API?
My answer is MANY.
There are many API's for making GUI applications.
Here are some.
Here are some.
1. WinAPI: (C based)(MFC is C++ based)
Its a great API and the best solution if you are windows programmer. First code will look a bit difficult, but later (after making few apps.) you will see its not so rusty. I like it, because you can do almost everything with it (in windows). The only bad thing is, that you cannot make applications for Linux with it.
Tutorial:
'>http://www.winprog.org/tutorial/index.html
2. Qt4 / Qt3 (C++ based)
This is a nice API, for making GUI applications. It works under Linux, Windows and Mac OS X. Its really easy to learn and use. But, until you dont buy licenced version, you will need to add tons of -dll s, to run your application. Qt compiler doesnt work in Vista. And, Qt4 API has a bit complicated way, to get buttons to work, if button holds some more complicated operations(actually you have to make your own SLOT's).
Tutorial:
http://sector.ynet.sk/qt4-tutorial/
http://doc.trolltech.com/4.2/examples.html
3.GTK+ (C based)
Sorry, but I never tryed it, so Google might help you.
Tutorial:
http://www.gtk.org/tutorial/
Its a great API and the best solution if you are windows programmer. First code will look a bit difficult, but later (after making few apps.) you will see its not so rusty. I like it, because you can do almost everything with it (in windows). The only bad thing is, that you cannot make applications for Linux with it.
Tutorial:
'>http://www.winprog.org/tutorial/index.html
2. Qt4 / Qt3 (C++ based)
This is a nice API, for making GUI applications. It works under Linux, Windows and Mac OS X. Its really easy to learn and use. But, until you dont buy licenced version, you will need to add tons of -dll s, to run your application. Qt compiler doesnt work in Vista. And, Qt4 API has a bit complicated way, to get buttons to work, if button holds some more complicated operations(actually you have to make your own SLOT's).
Tutorial:
http://sector.ynet.sk/qt4-tutorial/
http://doc.trolltech.com/4.2/examples.html
3.GTK+ (C based)
Sorry, but I never tryed it, so Google might help you.
Tutorial:
http://www.gtk.org/tutorial/
Dev C Programs
Some examples:
WinAPI
Simple message box:
Simple message box:
Simple window:
QT4
Simple Message Box:
Note: Use MsgBox for making message boxes
Simple Window:
GTK+
Simple window:
I hope this post will help anyone!
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- commentLatest Postby sreenivasulaLatest Post
jan10241887
I also think newbies dont know for C++ IDE's. (Developing Enviroviment).
I will make a short description of some
1. Visual Studio 2005 (Visual C++)
This is a beautiful IDE for making console and win32 GUI applications. You can also compile DirectX10 or 9 projects as well. I didn't test it for compiling Qt or GTK+ applications yet.
Affcourse as a Microsoft product isn't free, but it seems to be really safe and stable IDE for Windows Applications.
I really like it, and I recommend it to everyone.
This is a beautiful IDE for making console and win32 GUI applications. You can also compile DirectX10 or 9 projects as well. I didn't test it for compiling Qt or GTK+ applications yet.
Affcourse as a Microsoft product isn't free, but it seems to be really safe and stable IDE for Windows Applications.
I really like it, and I recommend it to everyone.
More info '>HERE
2. Code::Blocks
Great for compiling WinAPI, Qt, GTK+, WXWidgets, Ogre, D, C++ console, C console and other projects. I found some bugs, and sometimes there are problems to compile.
It's one of the best FREE IDE's.
Great for compiling WinAPI, Qt, GTK+, WXWidgets, Ogre, D, C++ console, C console and other projects. I found some bugs, and sometimes there are problems to compile.
It's one of the best FREE IDE's.
Information and download '>HERE
3. Dev-C++
This IDE, written in Delphi is the right place for beginners. It isn't perfect and it allows you 'holes' and 'bugs' in your program.Thats why its good for beginners. VS2005 wouldnt compile most of the code, which Dev-C++ does.
This IDE, written in Delphi is the right place for beginners. It isn't perfect and it allows you 'holes' and 'bugs' in your program.Thats why its good for beginners. VS2005 wouldnt compile most of the code, which Dev-C++ does.
Information and Download '>HERE
SOME LINUX IDE's:
-Code::Blocks
-Anjuta IDE
-QDevelop
-Code::Blocks
-Anjuta IDE
-QDevelop
Ah, and dont take care about all off my opinions. I prefer VS2005, but If you dont have a money, than choose Code::Blocks or Dev-C++.
I hope moderators will make this topic sticky (read me)
I hope this helps
Dev C Codes
BTW: Sorry for my grammatic mistakes.